![]() ![]() One of the most promising SSEs to enable such high performance solid-state Li batteries is cubic Li 7La 3Zr 2O 12 (LLZO) and its variants. One viable solution to this issue could be the replacement of the flammable non-aqueous liquid electrolyte solution with an inorganic solid-state electrolyte (SSE), which, not only allows for an improved safety, but also the application of Li metal as the negative electrode, leading to a substantial increase in energy density (up to 50%) 3, 5. This demand exceeds, however, the limit which can be reached by conventional Li-ion batteries (LiBs ~250 Wh/kg) 2, 3, 4, 5. Providing future generations with sustainable and emission-free electrified transportation requires the development of energy storage concepts with specific energies of at least 400 Wh/kg 1. ![]() As the build-up of this critical activity requires a certain period, applying current pulses of shorter duration can thus improve the cycling performance of all-solid-solid-state lithium batteries. It is demonstrated that when lithium is geometrically constrained and local current plating rates exceed the exchange current density, the electrolyte region close to the defect releases the accumulated elastic energy favouring fracturing. Additionally, we propose a mechanistic analysis of the experimental results to prove that lithium activity near solid-state electrolyte defect tips is critical for reliable cell cycling. Here, we apply a MHz-pulse-current protocol to circumvent low-current cell failure for developing all-solid-state Li metal cells operating up to a current density of 6.5 mA/cm 2. Li dendrites are associated with mechanical stress accumulation and can cause cell failure at current densities below the threshold suggested by industry research (i.e., >5 mA/cm 2). Understanding the cause of lithium dendrites formation and propagation is essential for developing practical all-solid-state batteries. ![]()
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